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  • Download Overview (369 KB)

  • Download A Closer Look at Replacements, Reductions, and Refinements (464 KB)

  • Download Promotion of the Alternatives Concept: History (393 KB)

  • Download Current Uses of Animals in Education, Toxicity Testing, and Biomedical Research (561 KB)

  • Download What are the Alternatives? (857 KB)

  • Download Case Studies: The LD50 Test and the Draize Test (1.0 MB)

  • Download Alternatives in Education (743 KB)

  • Download General Discussion (948 KB)

  • Download Conclusions (197 KB)

  • Download Appendix A: Nobel Prizes in Medicine or Physiology Awarded for Research Whose Success Depended Primarily or Wholly on Alternative Techniques (712 KB)

  • Download Appendix B: Animals in Biomedical Research in Testing, from Statement of Policy, The Humane Society of the United States (1984) (193 KB)

  • Download References (612 KB)

  • Download Glossary (508 KB)

Publication Date

1986

Publisher

The Humane Society of the United States

City

Washington, DC

Keywords

diseases, animal models, medical ethics, methodology

Disciplines

Animal Experimentation and Research | Animal Studies | Bioethics and Medical Ethics

Alternative to Current Uses of Animals in Research, Safety Testing, and Education: A Layman's Guide

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